import random
from turtle import *

# This creates the main screen where the game is shown
screen = Screen()

# The player’s car turtle
player = Turtle()

# A list that will store all AI cars
aiCars = []

# A list that holds the white side markers on the track
sideMarkers = []

# Turtles used only for drawing text on the screen
scorePen = Turtle()
commentPen = Turtle()
hudPen = Turtle()
countdownPen = Turtle()

# Game state flags
gameOver = False        # Becomes True when the player crashes
raceStarted = False    # Becomes True after the countdown ends

# Movement and boost flags (controlled by key presses)
moveLeft = False
moveRight = False
boost = False

# Speed values
speed = 12             # Current speed of the game
baseSpeed = 12         # Normal speed without boost

# Total distance travelled by the player
distance = 0

# Track size settings
trackWidth = 300
trackHeight = 600
markerSpacing = 200

# Prevents commentary text from appearing too often
commentCooldown = 0


# These are fun commentary messages shown during exciting moments
HYPE_COMMENTS = [
    "Woo hoo!",
    "Yeah!",
    "Nice move!",
    "Smooth driving!",
    "Brilliant!",
    "This is racing!",
]

# Messages shown when the player narrowly avoids another car
CLOSE_CALL_COMMENTS = [
    "That was close!",
    "Brave move!",
    "Close call!",
    "Late on the brakes!",
    "Nearly clipped him!",
]

# Messages shown when boost is active
BOOST_COMMENTS = [
    "Full throttle!",
    "He's flying!",
    "Foot to the floor!",
    "Maximum attack!",
]


# Sets up the game window, background color, and loads car images
def setupScreen():
    screen.setup(600, 600)
    screen.title("F1 Dodge Race")
    screen.bgcolor("forest green")
    screen.tracer(0)
    screen.addshape("player.gif")
    screen.addshape("ai.gif")


# Draws the racing track, the white borders, and the moving side markers
def drawTrack():
    track = Turtle()
    track.hideturtle()
    track.penup()
    track.goto(-trackWidth // 2, -trackHeight // 2)
    track.color("dim gray")
    track.begin_fill()
    for _ in range(2):
        track.forward(trackWidth)
        track.left(90)
        track.forward(trackHeight)
        track.left(90)
    track.end_fill()

    # Draws the left and right white borders of the track
    border = Turtle()
    border.hideturtle()
    border.penup()
    border.width(10)
    border.color("white")

    for x in (-trackWidth // 2, trackWidth // 2):
        border.goto(x, -trackHeight // 2)
        border.pendown()
        border.setheading(90)
        border.forward(trackHeight)
        border.penup()

    # Creates small white markers that move downward to fake road movement
    for i in range(-trackHeight // 2, trackHeight // 2 + markerSpacing, markerSpacing):
        for side in (-1, 1):
            marker = Turtle()
            marker.hideturtle()
            marker.penup()
            marker.color("white")
            marker.shape("square")
            marker.shapesize(stretch_wid=0.3, stretch_len=1.5)
            marker.goto(side * (trackWidth // 2 - 15), i)
            marker.showturtle()
            sideMarkers.append(marker)


# Moves the side markers down the screen to make the track feel alive
def scrollSideMarkers():
    for marker in sideMarkers:
        y = marker.ycor() - speed
        if y < -trackHeight // 2:
            y += trackHeight + markerSpacing
        marker.sety(y)


# Sets up the player car at the bottom of the track
def setupPlayer():
    player.shape("player.gif")
    player.penup()
    player.goto(0, -trackHeight // 2 + 50)
    player.setheading(90)


# Creates AI cars and places them randomly on the track
def setupAICars():
    aiCars.clear()
    for _ in range(3):
        car = Turtle()
        car.shape("ai.gif")
        car.penup()
        car.setheading(270)
        car.goto(
            random.randint(-trackWidth // 2 + 30, trackWidth // 2 - 30),
            random.randint(100, trackHeight // 2)
        )
        aiCars.append(car)


# These functions turn movement flags on and off when keys are pressed
def pressLeft():
    global moveLeft
    moveLeft = True

def releaseLeft():
    global moveLeft
    moveLeft = False

def pressRight():
    global moveRight
    moveRight = True

def releaseRight():
    global moveRight
    moveRight = False

def pressBoost():
    global boost
    boost = True

def releaseBoost():
    global boost
    boost = False


# Moves the player left or right while keeping them on the track
def movePlayer():
    if moveLeft and player.xcor() > -trackWidth // 2 + 30:
        player.setx(player.xcor() - 20)
    if moveRight and player.xcor() < trackWidth // 2 - 30:
        player.setx(player.xcor() + 20)


# Moves AI cars downward and respawns them at the top when they leave the screen
def moveWorld():
    for car in aiCars:
        car.sety(car.ycor() - speed)
        if car.ycor() < -trackHeight // 2:
            car.goto(
                random.randint(-trackWidth // 2 + 30, trackWidth // 2 - 30),
                random.randint(trackHeight // 2, trackHeight)
            )


# Checks if the player has hit an AI car
def checkCollision():
    global gameOver
    for car in aiCars:
        if player.distance(car) < 40:
            gameOver = True
            showComment("CRASH!", "red")


# Updates and shows how far the player has driven
def updateScore():
    global distance
    distance += speed * 0.03
    scorePen.clear()
    scorePen.penup()
    scorePen.goto(-290, 260)
    scorePen.color("white")
    scorePen.write(f"Distance: {int(distance)} m", font=("Arial", 16, "bold"))


# Shows the control instructions in the top-right corner
def drawHUD():
    hudPen.clear()
    hudPen.penup()
    hudPen.color("white")
    hudPen.goto(160, 260)
    hudPen.write(
        "⬅️ ➡️  Move\n⬆️  Boost",
        align="left",
        font=("Arial", 12, "normal")
    )


# Displays a short commentary message on screen for a moment
def showComment(message, color="yellow"):
    global commentCooldown
    if commentCooldown > 0:
        return

    commentCooldown = 30
    commentPen.clear()
    commentPen.penup()
    commentPen.goto(0, 200)
    commentPen.color(color)
    commentPen.write(message, align="center", font=("Arial", 20, "bold"))
    screen.ontimer(lambda: commentPen.clear(), 1000)


# Shows a message when the player nearly crashes but survives
def checkCloseCalls():
    for car in aiCars:
        d = player.distance(car)
        if 40 < d < 65 and random.random() < 0.1:
            showComment(random.choice(CLOSE_CALL_COMMENTS), "orange")


# Randomly shows hype commentary to make the game feel exciting
def randomHype():
    if random.random() < 0.005:
        showComment(random.choice(HYPE_COMMENTS), "yellow")


# Shows a 3-2-1-GO countdown before the race starts
def startCountdown():
    countdownPen.hideturtle()
    countdownPen.penup()
    countdownPen.color("white")

    def show(text, color):
        countdownPen.clear()
        countdownPen.color(color)
        countdownPen.goto(0, 0)
        countdownPen.write(text, align="center", font=("Arial", 48, "bold"))

    show("3", "red")
    screen.ontimer(lambda: show("2", "orange"), 800)
    screen.ontimer(lambda: show("1", "yellow"), 1600)
    screen.ontimer(lambda: show("GO!", "green"), 2400)
    screen.ontimer(clearCountdown, 3000)


# Clears the countdown and officially starts the race
def clearCountdown():
    global raceStarted
    countdownPen.clear()
    raceStarted = True
    gameLoop()


# The main loop that keeps the game running and updating
def gameLoop():
    global speed, commentCooldown

    if not raceStarted:
        return

    if commentCooldown > 0:
        commentCooldown -= 1

    if not gameOver:
        movePlayer()
        moveWorld()
        scrollSideMarkers()
        checkCollision()
        checkCloseCalls()
        randomHype()

        speed = baseSpeed + (10 if boost else 0)

        if boost and random.random() < 0.05:
            showComment(random.choice(BOOST_COMMENTS), "cyan")

        updateScore()
        drawHUD()
        screen.update()
        ontimer(gameLoop, 30)
    else:
        showGameOver()


# Shows a large GAME OVER message when the player crashes
def showGameOver():
    pen = Turtle()
    pen.hideturtle()
    pen.penup()
    pen.goto(0, 0)
    pen.color("red")
    pen.write("GAME OVER", align="center", font=("Arial", 30, "bold"))


# Draws the start screen and waits for the player to click
def startScreen():
    bg = Turtle()
    bg.hideturtle()
    bg.penup()
    bg.goto(-250, -150)
    bg.color("dim gray")
    bg.begin_fill()
    for _ in range(2):
        bg.forward(500)
        bg.left(90)
        bg.forward(300)
        bg.left(90)
    bg.end_fill()

    leftCar = Turtle()
    leftCar.hideturtle()
    leftCar.shape("player.gif")
    leftCar.penup()
    leftCar.goto(-180, -20)
    leftCar.setheading(90)
    leftCar.showturtle()

    rightCar = Turtle()
    rightCar.hideturtle()
    rightCar.shape("ai.gif")
    rightCar.penup()
    rightCar.goto(180, -20)
    rightCar.setheading(90)
    rightCar.showturtle()

    title = Turtle()
    title.hideturtle()
    title.penup()
    title.color("white")
    title.goto(0, 80)
    title.write("F1 Dodge Race", align="center", font=("Arial", 32, "bold"))

    controls = Turtle()
    controls.hideturtle()
    controls.penup()
    controls.color("white")
    controls.goto(0, -60)
    controls.write(
        "⬅️ ➡️  Steer\n⬆️  Boost",
        align="center",
        font=("Arial", 18, "normal")
    )

    startText = Turtle()
    startText.hideturtle()
    startText.penup()
    startText.color("yellow")
    startText.goto(0, -120)
    startText.write("CLICK TO START", align="center", font=("Arial", 20, "bold"))

    screen.update()

    def start(x, y):
        bg.clear()
        leftCar.hideturtle()
        rightCar.hideturtle()
        title.clear()
        controls.clear()
        startText.clear()
        startGame()

    screen.onclick(start)


# Sets up everything needed for the race and begins the countdown
def startGame():
    drawTrack()
    setupPlayer()
    setupAICars()
    scorePen.hideturtle()
    commentPen.hideturtle()
    hudPen.hideturtle()
    startCountdown()


# This is the main starting point of the whole program
def main():
    setupScreen()

    screen.listen()
    screen.onkeypress(pressLeft, "Left")
    screen.onkeyrelease(releaseLeft, "Left")
    screen.onkeypress(pressRight, "Right")
    screen.onkeyrelease(releaseRight, "Right")
    screen.onkeypress(pressBoost, "Up")
    screen.onkeyrelease(releaseBoost, "Up")

    startScreen()
    screen.mainloop()


main()